10 PREFACE

leather shoulder straps is best. Canvas straps, unless very heavy, are apt to curl and cause discomfort. A tump line when properly adjusted is very helpful, though not necessary. An old-style army knapsack makes a very satisfactory outfit. A knapsack is usually too small to take blankets, which should be rolled in a long thin roll, wrapped in a water proof cloth and attached around the pack like the tire on a wheel. A blanket roll across the chest is one of the poorest ways to carry duffle. It is hot, uncomfortable, and must be opened entirely to get out anything. The total equipment, including food, should not exceed thirty pounds, preferably less. With careful planning this can be reduced to twenty pounds.

CARRY ON BELT: Camera, sheath knife if used, field glasses to replace camera for one member of party, drinking cup.

CARRY IN PACK: Light waterproof groundcloth; two wool blankets, 72 to 84 inches long; light-weight sweaters; one extra suit woolen underwear; one suit flannel pajamas if desired; 2 extra pairs woolen socks; handkerchiefs; towel with toilet articles; trench mirror. In party, 1 sewing-kit (following list); share of cooking utensils (following list); share of food; extra films and photographic equipment; serviceable camp-axe in sheath (one in party; a 1 1/2 lb. axe with 26-in. handle is good); extra toilet paper; medicine kit, 1 in party (following list); extra matches in waterproof container; pocket whetstone; electric flash lamp or folding candle lantern and candles; a few feet of stout cord; spare shoe laces; canteen (one in party).

SEWING KIT (one in party): Safety-pins, 3-inch; needles; thread; darning materials for socks and underwear; extra buttons; sewing awl.

COOKING UTENSILS (one in party): Simple cooking utensils are supposed to be in all lodges, but it is advisable to carry some according to size

PREFACE 11

of party; folding canvas water bucket; two pails that will nest, largest about 3-quart (if powdered coffee is used a coffee-pot is unnecessary); fry-pan with folding handle; dish towel; can opener; and for each person, tin cup, tin plate, spoon, fork and knife. If batter pan can be had in which pails will nest, it will prove useful as dish-pan, etc., as well as for cooking.

FIRST AID KIT (one in party): Laxative; small tube of antiseptic salve; aseptic bandage; adhesive tape (useful for sealing can tops); small aseptic cotton; talcum powder; chlorazene tablets.

FOOD SUGGESTIONS: Choice of food is largely an individual matter and the appended list can be modified to suit individual tastes. The various foods and the quantities, item by item, needed by any party contemplating a trip can best be determined by planning the menus for all the meals before departure. Avoid carrying foods containing a large amount of water, and look into the possibility of using some of the dehydrated foods, notably potatoes, milk and soups. To offset the digestive effect of concentrated foods, carry along some dried fruits, especially apricots, raisins and prunes (the last excellent also for alleviating thirst). Dried cereals that are in compact form are excellent, especially with raisins or dates cooked in. Bread, though bulky, will keep well if wrapped in waxed paper. Study your trip with reference to the possibility of replenishing food supply en route at farm houses or by parcel post.

Dry stuffs should be carried in waterproof cloth bags; bacon well wrapped; tins with friction tops are most convenient for carrying butter, powdered milk, cocoa, etc.; an extra one is useful to carry surplus bacon fat for later use.

Butter in friction-top tins, tea, coffee, cocoa, sugar, salt, pepper, bread, bacon, dried beef, cheese, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried vegetables, prepared